Ethics
Ethics are a set
of moral principles of conduct which becomes a
person. The moral of this is formed by social
norms, cultural practices, and religious
influences. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is
right, what is wrong, what is fair, what is
not fair, what is good and what is bad in terms
of human behavior. They serve as a compass to
directhow people should behave towards each other,
understand and fulfill their obligations to the community, and live
their lives.
PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS
In
the history of human civilization since the fourth century BC thinkers have
tried to define the various shades of ethical foundation to guide social life.
Thinkers have identified at least there are hundreds of ideas the great (great
ideas). The whole idea or the grand idea can be summarized into six principles
that are an important cornerstone of ethics, namely beauty, equality, goodness,
justice, freedom, and truth.
- · The principle of beauty
This principle underlies everything
that includes the enjoyment of pleasure to beauty. Based on this principle,
people pay attention to the values of beauty and want to show something
wonderful in his behavior. For example in dress, spatial planing, and so making
it more eager to work.
- · Equation principle
Every human being by nature have
rights and responsibilities are the same, so it appears the demand to equality
between men and women, racial equality and equality in various other fields.
This principles underlies behavior that does not discriminate on any basis.
- · Principle of Goddness
This principle underlies the
behavior of individuals to always seek to do good in their interaction with
their environment. This principle is usually respect of human values such as
respect – respect, compassion, helping others, and so forth. Humans by nature
always want to do good, because by doing good he will be accepted by the
environment. Governance and service provided to the public in fact aims to
create the good of society.
- · Principle of Justice
Understanding justice is fixed and
eternal willingness to give everyone what they should get. Therefore, this
principle underlies a person to act in a fair and proportionate and do not take
anything into the rights of others.
- · Principle of Freedom
Freedom can be interpreted as the
freedom of individuals to act or not act according to his own choice. In the
principle of life and human rights, every human being has the right to do
things according to his own will does not damage or interfere with the rights
of others. Therefore, every freedom should be accompanied by responsibility so
that people do not take action arbitrarily to others. For that individual
freedom here interpreted as:
- · The principle of high moral integrity
The personal commitment of keeping
the nobility of the profession.
The Base Theory Of Ethics
·
Teleologi Ethics
Teleologi of Greece, namely the
telos which means destination. In terms of good
measure as bad an act that is based on the
objectives to be accomplished or based on the result of the action has
been performed.
- · Deontology
Deontology is derived from
the Greece i.e. deon meaning obligation. If there
is a question of "why is this good deed and
deed must be rejected because of bad?". Thenthe Deontologi will
answer "because deeds first became our
duty and deed both prohibited".
- · The Theory Of Rights
In the current moral thinking, theory
of rights is the most widely used approach for
evaluating good as bad an act or behaviour. The
theory of these rights is an aspectof the theory of deontologi as
it pertains to the obligation. The right is based on human
dignity and the dignity of all human beings are the same.
- · The Theory Of Virtue (Virtue)
In the theory of the primacy
of moral attitudes or looked
at someone. Precedence can be defined as the character
of the disposition which has obtained someone andallow
someone to behave morally good.
LINE THEORY OF ETHICS
a. Deontology theory
Deontology comes from the Greek,
meaning deon obligations. Namely the human obligation to always act well. An
action is said to be good and moral as that action be taken by the obligations
that must be implemented not on purpose or effect of such action.
b. The theory of teleology
In this theory, the actions good or
bad man is measured by objected would be achieved by the action, or an action
is judged good or immoral if that causes it good or useful. The problems
include the theory about how to judge a good result or goal of an action and
for whom such action. Therefore, this teleological theory led to new theories
such as egoism and utilitarianism.
c. Rights theory
The theory of this right is the
approach most often used to evaluate the merits of an act or behavior. Theory
of rights is an aspect of the theory of deontology, as it relates to liability.
Rights and obligations are like two sides of the same coin and can not be
separated.
d. Virtue Theory (Virtue)
Looking at a person’s attitude or
character. Do not ask whether a particular act is fair or honest, or generous and
so forth. The virtues can be defined as follows: disposition of character that
has been acquired person and allows him to behave morally.
EGOISM
The
word selfishness is a term derived from the Latin word ego, which is derived
from the ancient Greek word is still used in modern Greek language, which means
self or I, and said ism, is used to demonstrate its belief system.
Egoism
is the way to maintain and improve a favorable view for himself, and generally
have an opinion to improve one’s personal image and the importance of
intellectual, physical, social and others. This egoism does not see a concern
for others and helping people in general and think only about themselves
Selfishness
is the core view of the actions of each person is essentially to pursue
personal interests and promote himself. Aristoteles argues that the purpose of
life and every human action is to pursue happiness. Egoism is moral and
ethical, happiness and personal interest in the form of life, rights, and
security considered morally good and deserve to be pursued and maintained.
